注1.瑞士從1945年至1997年間辦理之各類公民投票達309次,數量高居各國第一。參考:吳巨盟,「瑞士透過公投申請加入聯合國之研究」,
新世紀智庫論壇第25期, 2004年3月30日,頁78。該文援用之資料取自:日內瓦大學直接民主研究與文件中心,網頁:http://c2d.unige.ch.
注2.See: http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/03/03/swiss.result/index.html
注3.Henn-Juri Uibopuu, :"Plebiscite",in: R. Bermjardt (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Instalment 8 (1981), p. 434.
注4.Henn-Juri Uibopuu, :”Plebiscite”, in: R. Bermjardt (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Instalment 8 (1981), p. 434.
注5.Anne Bayefsky, Self-Determination in International Law: Quebec and Lessons, p. 6, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 2000.
注6.Ibid., p. 420.
注7.P. K. Menon, The Law of Recognition in International Law: Basic Principles, op.cit., p. 26.
注8.See Wikipedia on Nice and Savoy and unification of Italy respectively at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoy, http://users.dickinson.edu/~rhyne/232/Five/Map1861.html.;併參考:
張麟徵,近代國際關係史,台北:揚智文化,2002, 頁178.
投票結果為:在Nice 的30700選民中,25000票同意併入法國;在Savoy則為超過99.8%人民支持併入法國。
注9.Wilhelm G.Grewe, The Epochs of International Law, Berlin: DeGruyter, 2000, p. 545.
注10.Henn-Juri Uibopuu, :”Plebiscite”, in: R. Bermjardt (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Instalment 8 (1981), p. 434
注11.Henn-Juri Uibopuu, :”Plebiscite”, op. cit., see also Wilhelm G.Grewe, The Epochs of International Law, Berlin: DeGruyter, 2000, p. 545..
注12.Antonio Cassese, Self-Determination of Peoples, op. cit., p. 12.
注13.Ibid., p.12.
注14.Wilhelm G. Grewe, The Epochs of International Law, op. cit., p. 421.
注15.張麟徵,近代國際關係史,揚智文化,2002,頁13。
注16.Yves Beigbeder, International Monitoring of Plebiscites, Referenda and National Elections, op. cit., p. 78.
注17.Antonio Cassese, Self-Determination of Peoples :A Legal Reappraisal, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 16.
注18.Ibid., p.19.
注19.Henn-Juri Uibopuu, :"Plebiscite",op. cit., p. 436。當時的國際法尚未發展出日後聯合國憲章所指,殖民地得選擇獨立的權利。
注20.Ibid.,1920年2月10日舉行公民投票,75%選派贊成併入丹麥。
注21.Antonio Cassese, Self-Determination of Peoples :A Legal Reappraisal, Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 16-17.
注22.YvesBeigbeder, Intrnational Monitoring of Plebiscites, Referenda and National Elections, op. cit., pp. 84-86.
注23."Freely expressed wishes and desire"of the peoples concerned, in U.N. Document A/46/609 of 19 November 1991, Report of the Secretary-General,
entitled "Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle of Periodic and Genuine Elections"at Annex: Plebiscites, referenda and elections held under
the , at: http://unbisnet.un.org;其中帛琉曾進行5次公民投票。
注24.前述馬利安納、密克羅尼西亞、馬紹爾、帛琉等美國託管地均投票維持與美國的「自由聯盟」(free association)關係,取得內政和外交自主權,但賦
予美國國防和安全工作,以換取經濟援助。
注25.John Katsigeorgis, "Cyprus Post-referendum",at http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2004/webArticles/073004_Cyprus.asp.
注26.http://ww.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/minuso.
注27.James Crawford, The Creation of States in International Law, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 417
注28.Thomas D. Grant, “Gibraltar on the Rocks”, Policy Review, Vol. 116 (December 2002 and January 2003). |